Scientists Create First Full-Size 3D Printed Human Heart Model
2020-12-07
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1American researchers say they have created the first full-size human heart model using 3D printing technology.
2The model was made with a specially developed 3D printer that uses biomaterials to produce a structure and tissues similar to a real human heart.
3The researchers say the model heart can be a useful tool to train medical professionals in operations related to human heart function.
4It could also be used as a basis for new research on ways to use 3D printing technology to produce fully operating hearts to replace in people.
5The research was led by an engineering team at America's Carnegie Mellon University.
6Results were recently published in a paper in ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering.
7The team was led by biomedical engineering professor Adam Feinberg.
8The team had already developed a 3D printer that could "bioprint" collagen.
9Collagen is the main structural protein that is found in tissues throughout the human body.
10The goal of the latest project was to use this same bioprinting technology to create a realistic, full-size model of a human heart.
11Feinberg said in a statement his team was able to create such a model that doctors can carefully examine to prepare for heart operations.
12But the newly-created models also permit the doctors to "manipulate" the heart, to experience similar reactions to working with real tissue, he added.
13Scientists have made 3D printed models of the human heart before.
14But those models were made of harder substances - such as plastic or rubber - that were not effective in copying the soft tissue material found in the human heart.
15The new 3D printing process was also not easy, the Carnegie Mellon team said.
16This is because soft materials, such as collagen, start out as a liquid.
17When such substances are printed in air, they quickly collapse during the process.
18So the researchers came up with their own method to 3D print soft materials.
19The method uses a gelatin substance to surround the structures during the printing so they do not collapse.
20The team's new model heart is made from a material called alginate, a soft, natural substance made from seaweed.
21The researchers say alginate has very similar properties to tissues that make up the human heart.
22For example, the researchers tested the 3D printed material with sutures, which doctors use to close up wounds during operations.
23The team said the alginate was able to stretch to support the sutures.
24Once they had perfected the process, the researchers made additional changes to the 3D printer to produce larger objects.
25They were able to use MRI images from a patient to model and print a full-size human heart.
26MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging, a system for producing electronic pictures of the organs inside the body.
27Feinberg's team has also experimented with pieces of tissue designed to copy the function of individual heart elements - such as valves that open and close and realistic blood vessels.
28The researchers say they also successfully 3D printed a model of a heart artery that could be used to train doctors.
29The group says the same methods could be used to create other realistic organ models as well, such as livers or kidneys.
30Former Carnegie Mellon student Eman Mirdamadi was another lead researcher on the project.
31He admitted that "major hurdles" still prevent the bioprinting process from producing a full-sized, functional human heart.
32But the latest progress helps establish the "foundational groundwork" for such efforts, he said in a statement.
33I'm Bryan Lynn.
1American researchers say they have created the first full-size human heart model using 3D printing technology. 2The model was made with a specially developed 3D printer that uses biomaterials to produce a structure and tissues similar to a real human heart. 3The researchers say the model heart can be a useful tool to train medical professionals in operations related to human heart function. It could also be used as a basis for new research on ways to use 3D printing technology to produce fully operating hearts to replace in people. 4The research was led by an engineering team at America's Carnegie Mellon University. Results were recently published in a paper in ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. 5The team was led by biomedical engineering professor Adam Feinberg. The team had already developed a 3D printer that could "bioprint" collagen. Collagen is the main structural protein that is found in tissues throughout the human body. 6The goal of the latest project was to use this same bioprinting technology to create a realistic, full-size model of a human heart. 7Feinberg said in a statement his team was able to create such a model that doctors can carefully examine to prepare for heart operations. But the newly-created models also permit the doctors to "manipulate" the heart, to experience similar reactions to working with real tissue, he added. 8Scientists have made 3D printed models of the human heart before. But those models were made of harder substances - such as plastic or rubber - that were not effective in copying the soft tissue material found in the human heart. 9The new 3D printing process was also not easy, the Carnegie Mellon team said. This is because soft materials, such as collagen, start out as a liquid. When such substances are printed in air, they quickly collapse during the process. 10So the researchers came up with their own method to 3D print soft materials. The method uses a gelatin substance to surround the structures during the printing so they do not collapse. 11The team's new model heart is made from a material called alginate, a soft, natural substance made from seaweed. The researchers say alginate has very similar properties to tissues that make up the human heart. 12For example, the researchers tested the 3D printed material with sutures, which doctors use to close up wounds during operations. The team said the alginate was able to stretch to support the sutures. 13Once they had perfected the process, the researchers made additional changes to the 3D printer to produce larger objects. They were able to use MRI images from a patient to model and print a full-size human heart. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging, a system for producing electronic pictures of the organs inside the body. 14Feinberg's team has also experimented with pieces of tissue designed to copy the function of individual heart elements - such as valves that open and close and realistic blood vessels. 15The researchers say they also successfully 3D printed a model of a heart artery that could be used to train doctors. The group says the same methods could be used to create other realistic organ models as well, such as livers or kidneys. 16Former Carnegie Mellon student Eman Mirdamadi was another lead researcher on the project. He admitted that "major hurdles" still prevent the bioprinting process from producing a full-sized, functional human heart. But the latest progress helps establish the "foundational groundwork" for such efforts, he said in a statement. 17I'm Bryan Lynn. 18Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from Carnegie Mellon and ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. was the editor. 19We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section, and visit our Facebook page. 20______________________________________________________________ 21Words in This Story 223D printing - n. the process of printing a solid object from a digital model by printing many separate layers of the object 23function - n. the way in which something works or operates 24manipulate - v. to control something using the hands 25gelatin - n. a clear substance made from animal bones that is used to make some foods and other substances 26seaweed - n. a type of plant that grows in the sea 27suture - n. a stitch used to sew up a cut or wound in a person's body 28valve - n. a part of the heart that controls the amount of blood flow 29artery - n. a thick tube that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body 30hurdle - n. a problem that has to be dealt with before further progress is made 31groundwork - n. work that is done in preparation for work that will be done later